SON- Self Organizing Networks

Self Organizing networks (SON), was first released as (Rel-8) in the LTE systems where major sensitive areas were covered such as automatic neighbor relations, software download, inventory and physical cell identity (PCI) assignment were covered. Advanced capabilities such as load balancing optimization, coverage and capacity optimization, mobility and RACH optimization and interference and energy saving control.
Pre-operational state is covered by first, self-configuration elements and it is triggered when an intentional event occur. In order to achieve basic configuration for the system operation, the self-configured mechanism for newly deployed entities, will be automatically configured. Viva plug and play method, the automated mechanism also allows new evolved NodeB (eNB). With the purpose of reducing operational expenditures and maximizing network performance, self-optimization element is required during operational state. As soon as pre-operational state is completed by eNB, the optimization processes starts for optimizing the neighbor energy and list usage of the base station. For possible correction and healing process in failures of network communication, self-healing mechanism is applied.

Optimization within SON
Optimization within self organization network can offer multiple technique. Mainly the techniques measure and analyses changes of network operation and its related performances to achieve it’s expected mark. Mostly in SON architecture a network is automatically configured but due to certain factors discussed below, the performance of the communication infrastructure degrades. Optimization techniques are integrated into SON architecture to enhance and maintain the system performance. Some of the incorporated optimization techniques are mentioned below.

1. Bandwidth and Coverage Optimization
2. Traffic steering
3. Big Data analysis
4. Robustness Optimization

Base station environment changes such as earth quake, terrorism and natural disaster etc can effect SON’s automatic configuration. For some reason if the base station or eNB node are changed or replaced again in this scenario reconfiguration of the connectivity will be required. In many cases by time traffic of the subscribers become dense, re-assessment is required for optimization.

Mobile Network Advancements: 5G
To increase the data rates, one option is to reduce the coverage cell size of certain network operator. The result of this activity enhances frequency reuse and spectral efficiency while reducing the transmit power. Through this technique small cities will be created within a large city. This whole concept is the foundation of 5G technology giving high reliability and low latency. To extend the performance of mobile networks 5G deployment is under progress. ICT network infrastructure achieves a break through from 5G. 5G faces three main objectives or challenges to achieve

1. Handle and support variety of increasing services encapsulating the requirement of usual life and work.
2. Using spectrum in an efficient way for different use-cases.
3. Offering massive capacity and connectivity.

10 Gb/s speed is expected from 5G technologies that could enable ultra-high interactive multimedia connections. This will be achieved on ultra-wide bandwidth. Since 5G main mechanism tally SON optimization by means offering user the dynamic utilization of spectrum ans subscriber services. Although changing RAN and Air-Interface system to provide massive capacity. Big Data analysis and Cloud Computing will be main aspect of the core network as 5G is developing.